Educational Science and Education Management

The central component of the field of educational planning and instructional design is the principles and methods of instructional design. This also includes questions concerning educational planning. Instructional design encompasses the entire instructional process, from the analysis of learning needs and goals to the development of a system of learning. It includes the development of learning materials and tasks as well as the testing and evaluation of the entire instructional process and learning activities. This process can be divided into the following steps: - Identification of specific educational needs - Analysis of the target group and framework requirements - Identification of educational goals - Selection of content - Design of the learning environment - Development of learning material - Implementation of media - Implementation of the learning strategy - Evaluation of the effectiveness of the strategy both during and after the learning process The successful conception and implementation of technology-based learning environments is a collective product of experts with regard to the learning content to be conveyed, the instructional design, and the implementation of technology. Instructional design is a planning science based on established theories of learning and instruction. It can be described as an interface between various other disciplines, including psychology, cognitive science, instructional science, curriculum and lesson planning theory, computer science, communications, and the sociology of knowledge. However, it is not based entirely on the knowledge of other disciplines, but rather contributes to the development of theories and research itself by way of empirical studies on the effectiveness and transfer efficiency of various learning arrangements.